Scareware

The term scareware is a combination of the word ‘scare’ and the suffix ‘-ware’ from software. Scareware refers to programs that deliberately cause moments of fear and use them for fraudulent purposes. For example, they report a fictitious virus and offer a paid programme to remove these alleged viruses. Scareware is a type of malicious software (malware).

 

What exactly is scareware?

Scareware works by exploiting a psychological phenomenon: strong emotions such as fear impair people’s judgement. That is why scareware typically tries to trigger fear, e.g. through:

  • Fake virus warnings (fake antivirus), e.g. as pop-ups in the Internet browser
  • Simulated hacker attacks (usually as animations)
  • Alleged fines for fictitious legal violations
  • Claims that your data has been encrypted

The calculation of cybercriminals: due to the fear triggered and the pressure to react quickly, the users who are attacked act rashly. They forego security precautions and checks that they would normally carry out. As a result, they download potentially harmful programs or transfer money to the cybercriminals.

Many fake antivirus programs and fraudulent fines appear legitimate at first glance. They use logos, fonts and colours that resemble those of reputable virus scanners or authorities. However, upon closer inspection, they turn out to be fake.

Scareware can serve different purposes:

  • Money transfers by the user
  • Downloading a programme by the user. In the best case, this programme is useless, but it costs money or demands payment. However, such programmes often contain malicious programmes
  • (malware) such as Trojan horses

>> Scareware is fraud and therefore a criminal offence.

 

Where do I encounter scareware in my everyday work?

In principle, you can encounter it in many places:

  • While surfing the Internet, through a warning that suddenly appears
  • During everyday work, through a warning from a previously installed programme
  • Completely unexpectedly, e.g. through a supposed hacker attack
  • On the computer of a frightened colleague who asks you for advice

 

What can I do to improve my security?

In an emergency: Whatever happens, bear in mind that you are being deliberately manipulated through your fear. Therefore, react calmly and do not use the infected computer:

    • Document warning messages, alleged hacker attacks, extortion attempts and demands for fines by taking photos, ideally with your smartphone. You can then check them at your leisure away from the device.
    • Whatever you do, do not download any programmes or transfer any money.
    • Move away from the computer. If you wish, disconnect the device from the internet and/or the power supply. This is probably not necessary, but it will help you feel more secure.

Check the documented messages using other devices or your smartphone.

  • Seek assistance from your IT department or an external IT security service provider such as Perseus.
  • Your computer will usually be scanned by a legitimate virus scanner at a later stage, and any malware will be removed.
  • Report scareware incidents to the police, as these are attempts at fraud.

Prevention: Many measures to increase your company’s cyber security also protect against scareware. Raising employee awareness is particularly important when it comes to scareware. It enables your employees to act prudently in an emergency and prevent damage to your company. Show your employees examples of typical scareware warning messages, discuss a fixed procedure for emergencies and practise it together.

Make it clear to everyone involved:

  • No reputable virus scanner will check your computer without your consent, and no reputable virus scanner will demand payment before removing an infection it has detected. If you encounter such
  • processes, it is scareware (more specifically, fake antivirus software).
  • Nowadays, hacker attacks usually go unnoticed. A demonstrative attack is probably scareware.
  • No authority imposes fines via screen displays and no authority accepts payments in digital currencies such as Bitcoins, U.CASH, etc.

 

Further information

Report a scareware incident to the Cyber Security Reporting Centre in Germany: https://www.allianz-fuer-cybersicherheit.de/Webs/ACS/DE/IT-Sicherheitsvorfall/Unternehmen/unternehmen.html?