Hacker

In the field of information technology, a ‘hacker’ is someone who gains unauthorised access to computer systems. Criminal hackers, who use their skills to their own advantage and to the detriment of others, are predominantly present in the public consciousness. However, there are also ‘ethical hackers’ who uncover gaps in systems and networks so that they can be better secured. The German Federal Intelligence Service (BND), for example, employs professional hackers for this purpose.

 

What does the term ‘hacker’ mean in detail?

The term is derived from the English verb ‘to hack’, which (similar to the German term) means to chop up or dismantle something. The term ‘hacker’ originated in the 1950s and originally referred to tinkerers who took technical devices apart and tried to reassemble them in a different, new or improved way. Since the early 1980s, the term hacker has become increasingly associated with cybercrime.

Today, there are roughly three types of hackers:

  • Ethical hackers or ‘white hats’ detect security gaps and problems so that these vulnerabilities can be eliminated. They may do this professionally or in their spare time and can even prove their ethical attitude with internationally recognised certificates.
  • Criminal hackers or ‘black hats’ are those who are predominantly associated with the word “hacker” today. And for good reason. It is extremely important to raise awareness of the dangers they pose.
  • A third group is referred to as ‘grey hats’. This is a collective term for all hackers who cannot be clearly assigned to either of the other two groups. For example, because they use illegal means to uncover security vulnerabilities in a computer programme and publish them on the Internet – but without giving the manufacturer time to close the vulnerabilities first.
  • The ‘life hacks’ popular on the Internet tie in with the original meaning of the term ‘hacker’. These are playful tricks that make life (at least supposedly) easier. For example, how to chill a beer in two minutes or how to clean your computer keyboard with a Post-it note.

 

Where do I encounter hackers in my everyday working life?

You can encounter hackers almost anywhere in your everyday working life. Virtually, for example, through a cleverly designed email that tries to persuade you to open the attachment (social engineering). In our networked world, the work of hackers can also have an impact on seemingly non-digital aspects of our everyday lives. For example, train, bus or tram services may be disrupted due to a hack at a public transport service provider. Or, thanks to an ethical hacker, the next update to your company car’s on-board computer may contain lines of code that make it more difficult for unauthorised persons to open the central locking system.

 

What can I do to protect myself from hackers?

Hackers use many different methods, entry points and security vulnerabilities to gain unauthorised access to computer systems. Comprehensively increase your company’s cyber security to minimise the number of points of attack available to hackers.

Important measures include